1. **Reinsurance:** The process by which an insurance company transfers a portion of its risk to another insurer, known as a reinsurer. Reinsurance helps primary insurers manage their exposure to large losses.
2. **Aggregate Limit:** The maximum amount an insurance policy will pay out over a specific period, often a policy term. This limit can apply to various claims under the policy.
3. **Umbrella Insurance:** A type of liability insurance that provides additional coverage above and beyond the limits of primary liability policies, such as auto or home insurance.
4. **Captive Insurance Company:** An insurer created and owned by a single organization to provide coverage for its own risks. This is a form of self-insurance.
5. **Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance:** Coverage for risks that are typically difficult to insure through standard insurance markets. These are usually provided by specialized insurers in the surplus lines market.
6. **Indemnity:** The principle that insurance is designed to compensate the policyholder for their loss, returning them to the same financial position they were in before the loss occurred.
7. **Inland Marine Insurance:** A type of insurance covering goods in transit over land, including specialized coverage for valuable items not adequately covered by standard property insurance.
8. **Adjustment Expense:** The costs associated with processing, investigating, and settling insurance claims, which are separate from the claim amount itself.
9. **Contingent Beneficiary:** A secondary beneficiary named in an insurance policy who will receive the proceeds if the primary beneficiary is unable or unwilling to receive them.
10. **Catastrophe Insurance:** Coverage that protects against large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes, which can cause widespread damage.
11. **Risk Retention Group (RRG):** A liability insurance company formed by a group of businesses with similar risks to provide insurance coverage for themselves.
12. **Rescission:** The cancellation of an insurance policy as if it never existed, often due to material misrepresentation or fraud on the part of the policyholder.
13. **Salvage:** Damaged property that an insurer takes possession of after paying a claim. The insurer may try to recover some of its losses by selling the salvage.
14. **Underinsured Motorist Coverage:** An optional auto insurance coverage that provides protection if the at-fault driver's insurance limits are insufficient to cover your damages.
15. **Uninsured Motorist Coverage:** A type of auto insurance that covers your expenses if you're involved in an accident with a driver who has no insurance or is underinsured.
16. **Loss Ratio:** The ratio of insurance claims paid out by an insurer to the premiums it has collected. A high loss ratio can indicate that the insurer is paying out a significant portion of its premium income in claims.
17. **Retrocession:** The process by which a reinsurer transfers a portion of the risk it has assumed to another reinsurer. It's a form of reinsurance for reinsurers.
18. **Moral Hazard:** The increased risk of loss due to the behavior or actions of the insured that deviate from what is considered normal or expected.
19. **Risk Pooling:** The practice of spreading the financial risk of potential losses among a group of policyholders or insurers to reduce the impact of individual losses.
20. **Experience Modification Factor (Mod):** An adjustment applied to workers' compensation insurance premiums based on an employer's claims history. A low Mod factor can lead to lower premiums.
These advanced insurance terms are essential for professionals in the insurance industry, risk managers, and those dealing with complex insurance policies and risk management strategies.
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